TS-16 in E1 Multi Frame Structuret

TS-16 in E1 Multi Frame Structuret
- Common Channel Signaling (CCS) ? at least one channel (usually TS16) is used for

signaling and serves asynchronously all the channels
- Channel Associated Signaling (CAS) ? in each multi-frame, for each channel, there is a

frame that half of it?s TS16, is dedicated for that channel signaling:
- Frame 0 is used for alarm indication and spare bits
- Frame 1 is used for channels 1 and 16 (4 bits each)
- Frame 2 is used for channels 2 and 17 (4 bits each)
- ?
- Frame 15 is used for channels 15 and 30 (4 bits each)

- When the bits aren?t used for signaling 2nd and 4th bits should be ?1? and the 3rd

should be ?0?.
- The bits can be used for signaling of 2 states (1 bit), 4 states (2 bits) or 15 states

(4 bits minus ?0000?).
- This was used mainly to the on-off-keying slow dial method (OOK). Today DTMF is used

in each data channel as part of the data